Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: дете
- CZ: dítě
- DE: Kind
- EE: laps
- EN: child
- ES: población infantil
- FI: lapsi
- FR: enfant
- GA: leanbh
- GR: παιδί
- HU: gyermek
- IT: bambino
- LT: vaikas
- LV: bērns
- MT: Tifel (Tifla) / Wild
- NL: kind
- NO: barn
- PL: dziecko
- PT: criança
- RO: copil
- SE: barn
- SK: dieťa
- SL: otrok
Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier or later.
2. The term should be used to describe the relationship with other family members. When referring to an individual and in a more legal context, the term minor should be used.
- BG: право на запазването на целостта на семейството
- CZ: právo na zachování celistvosti rodiny
- DE: Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung des Familienverbandes
- EE: õigus perekonna ühtsusele
- EN: right to family unity
- ES: derecho a la unidad de la familia
- FI: oikeus perheen yhtenäisyyteen
- GA: ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh
- GR: δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ενότητα
- HU: család egységéhez való jog
- IT: diritto all’unità familiare
- LT: teisė į šeimos vientisumą
- LV: tiesības uz ģimenes vienotību
- MT: Dritt għall-għaqda / għall-unità tal-familja
- NL: recht op instandhouding van het (kern-)gezin (syn.: recht op eenheid van het gezin)
- NO: rett til familiens enhet (b) / rett til familieeining (n)
- PL: prawo do jedności rodziny
- PT: direito à unidade familiar
- RO: dreptul la unitatea familiei
- SE: rätt till familjesammanhållning
- SK: právo na jednotu rodiny
- SL: pravica do enotnosti družine
In the context of a refugee, a right provisioned in Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and in Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) obliging EU Member States to ensure that family unity can be maintained.
There is a distinction between the right to family unity and the right to family life. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family, in order to meet the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
- BG: право на семеен живот
- CZ: právo na rodinný život
- DE: Recht auf Familienleben
- EE: õigus pere(konna)elule
- EN: right to family life
- ES: derecho a la vida en familia
- FI: oikeus perhe-elämään
- FR: droit à la vie familiale
- GA: ceart chun saol teaghlaigh
- GR: δικαιωμα στην οικογενειακή ζωή
- HU: családi élethez való jog
- IT: diritto alla vita familiare
- LT: teisė į šeimos gyvenimą
- LV: tiesības uz ģimenes dzīvi
- MT: Dritt għal ħajja f’familja
- NL: recht op eerbiediging van familie- en gezinsleven (syn.: recht op familie- en gezinsleven)
- NO: rett til familieliv
- PL: prawo do życia rodzinnego
- PT: direito à unidade familiar
- RO: dreptul la viaţă de familie
- SE: rätt till familjeliv
- SK: právo na rodinný život
- SL: pravica do družinskega življenja
A right enshrined in Arts. 7, 9 and 33 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
There is a distinction between the right to family life and the right to family unity. The right to family life is a fundamental right enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family.
- BG: културно многообразие
- CZ: kulturní diverzita
- DE: kulturelle Vielfalt
- EE: kultuuriline mitmekesisus
- EN: cultural diversity
- ES: diversidad cultural
- FI: kulttuurinen moninaisuus / diversitetti
- FR: diversité culturelle
- GA: ilchineálacht chultúrtha
- GR: πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία
- HU: kulturális sokféleség
- IT: diversità culturale
- LT: kultūrų įvairovė
- LV: kultūras daudzveidība
- MT: Diversità kulturali
- NL: culturele diversiteit
- NO: kulturelt mangfold (b) / kulturelt mangfald (n)
- PL: różnorodność kulturowa
- PT: diversidade cultural
- RO: diversitate culturală
- SE: kulturell mångfald
- SK: kultúrna rozmanitosť / kultúrna diverzita
- SL: kulturna raznolikost
The diversity of forms of culture in a society composed of groups of people from many different cultural backgrounds.
2. On 18 December 2006, the European Community ratified the UNESCO Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity are among the Community’s founding principles: they are enshrined in the Treaty, under Art. 151, and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, under Art. 22.3.
- BG: изтезания
- CZ: mučení
- DE: Folter
- EE: piinamine
- EN: torture
- ES: tortura
- FI: kidutus
- FR: torture
- GA: céasadh
- HU: kínzás
- IT: tortura
- LT: kankinimas
- LV: spīdzināšana
- MT: Tortura
- NL: foltering
- NO: tortur
- PL: tortury
- RO: tortură
- SE: tortyr
- SK: mučenie
- SL: mučenje
In the context of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, deliberate inhuman treatment causing very serious and cruel suffering.
2.The right to freedom from torture is enshrined in many international treaties, most notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The acceptance that torture is forbidden under any circumstances, including war, public emergency or terrorist threat, indicates that universally it is considered as a fundamental principle of customary international law. This means that even States that have not ratified any of the international treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from using it against anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances.
3. Regional conventions, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 3) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Art. 4), also recognise torture as a prohibited act.
4. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol expressly prohibit the forced return of an asylum seeker to a country where they may be at risk of torture.
5. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Receptions Conditions Directive) explicitly considers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers with special needs, including victims of torture. EU Member States are obliged to identify victims of torture within the asylum procedure and to assess whether they have special reception needs, including the need to access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care.
- BG: Договорът от Лисабон
- CZ: Lisabonská smlouva
- DE: Vertrag von Lissabon
- EN: Lisbon Treaty
- ES: Tratado de Lisboa
- FI: Lisbonin sopimus
- FR: Traité de Lisbonne
- GA: Conradh Liospóin
- GR: Η Συνθήκη της Λισαβόνας
- HU: Lisszaboni Szerződés
- IT: Trattato di Lisbona
- LT: Lisabonos sutartis
- LV: Lisabonas līgums
- MT: Trattat (It-) ta’ Lisbona
- NL: Verdrag van Lissabon
- NO: Lisboa-traktaten
- PL: Traktat Lizboński
- SE: Lissabonfördraget
- SK: Lisabonská zmluva
- SL: Lizbonska pogodba
An international agreement - initially known as the Reform Treaty - which amends the two treaties that form the constitutional basis of the European Union and which aims to enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the European Union and to improve the coherence of its actions.
2. Prominent changes included the move from unanimity to qualified majority voting in at least 45 policy areas in the Council of Ministers, a change in calculating such a majority to a new double majority, a more powerful European Parliament forming a bicameral legislature alongside the Council of ministers under the ordinary legislative procedure, a consolidated legal personality for the EU, and the creation of a long-term President of the European Council and a High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Treaty also made the Union's bill of rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, legally binding.
3. The Treaty of Lisbon broadened the competences of the EU in asylum issues. According to Art. 78 TFEU, a common policy on asylum is developed through the ordinary legislative procedure. There is no mentioning of minimum standards as before which sets the aim to convergence. The Article provides for the legal basis for the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). For further information, see the entry for 'Common European Asylum System (CEAS)' in this EMN Glossary.
4. For more information see the website of the Lisbon Treaty.